The establishment of the Institute of Water Problems, Hydropower and Ecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan was preceded by a statement by the Founder of Peace and National Unity, Leader of the Nation and President of the Republic of Tajikistan, Emomali Rahmon, on 1 October 1999 at 54th of the United Nations General Assembly, which called for the proclamation of 2003 as the «International Year of Fresh Water». Resolution № 55/196 declared 2003 the «International Year of Fresh Water».
Considering that Tajikistan possesses huge water resources and also need for their rational use and comprehensively supporting proposals of President of the country Emomali Rahmon, the Department of Water Problems and Ecology was established within Academy of Sciences by the Decree of Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan № 59 on December 25, 2000. The first Head of the Department was Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan - Haydar Safiyev.
The President of the Republic of Tajikistan, Emomali Rakhmon, in his address to the Academy of Sciences at a meeting with the country’s intellectuals on 20th of March 2001, emphasized, in particular, the need to strengthen Tajikistan’s scientific potential and to establish the Institute of Water Problems, on 3rd July 2002, the Government adopted Decree № 279 on the establishment of the Institute of Water Problems, Hydropower and Ecology of the Academy of Sciences. Pursuant to this Government decision, the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan issued Resolution № 72 on July 22, 2002 on the establishment of the Institute of Water Problems, Hydropower and Ecology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan on the basis of the Department of Water Problems and Ecology.
Directors of the Institute